The Neotropics are home to the greatest wealth of freshwater fish in the world. In its aquatic ecosystems, a variety of forms coexist, some with sounds, colors, smells, and behaviors, of an amazing diversity of fish. Although its invaluable ecological and functional importance has been demonstrated, as well as its critical importance for humanity in the provision of goods and services. The study of fish at different levels (genes, species, communities, habitat, and ecosystems) is a priority due to the accelerated anthropization of watersheds and the adverse effects of climate change. This is how my research and projects focus on the evolutionary and ecological processes that have led to the diversification and distribution of fish, especially those of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guyana geographic areas.